The downside of downregulation

The Downside of Defaults

The Downside of Deadlines

Deadlines are ubiquitous institutions in government decision making, constraining both agencies and courts. Yet these institutions are almost entirely ignored in formal models in institutional political science. We analyze deadlines as exogenously imposed institutions upon a government decision maker, as a means of elected officials exercising control over the the duration of administrative dec...

The downside to lymphocytes

A trip down the vaginal tract teaches the intestinal cells of newborn mice to ignore their germy cohabitants, according to Lotz and colleagues on page 973. Gut cells calmly cohabitate with millions of intestinal bacteria. To avoid constant inflammation, these cells must learn to ignore or tolerate the immune-activating structures (such as lipopoly-saccharide, or LPS) that protrude from the surf...

The downside of open-access publishing.

permit but to encourage, such as translation into other languages. Creative Commons is an organization that has responded by producing a suite of six copyright licenses that offer standardized terms of sharing to permit a range of uses beyond fair use, subject to certain conditions.3 The four conditions are combined into six permutations reflecting the types of copyright restrictions that peopl...

Downside of assessment success

The increase in the amount of high quality research demonstrates that the UK's universities are delivering even better research than five years ago. " But Roderick Floud, president of Universities UK and vice-chancellor of Guildhall University, called on the government to fund the improved results. " These results show that our universities are contributing at a world-class level, and we urge t...